Determination of Iron Active Sites in Pyrolyzed Iron-Based Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fe-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst materials are considered promising nonprecious alternatives to traditional platinum-based catalysts. These catalyst materials are generally produced by high-temperature pyrolysis treatments of readily available carbon, nitrogen, and iron sources. Adequate control of the structure and active site formation during pyrolysis methods is nearly impossible. Thus, the chemical nature, structure, and ORR mechanism of catalytically active sites in these materials is a subject of significant debate. We have proposed a method, utilizing CN – ions as ORR inhibitors on Fe-based catalysts, to provide insight into the exact nature and chemistry of the catalytically active sites. Moreover, we propose two possible catalytically active site formation mechanisms occurring during high-temperature pyrolysis treatments, dependent on the specific type of precursor and synthesis methods utilized. We have further provided direct evidence of our proposed active site formations using ToF-SIMS negative and positive ion imaging. This knowledge will be beneficial to future work directed at the development of Fe-based catalysts with improved ORR activity and operational stabilities for fuel cell and battery applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it