Electro-optics of Polymer Nanotube Dispersions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-stabilized polymer nanotubes with high rigidity are electro-optically characterized in the dilute and semidilute regimes. Nanotube alignment with the electric field and subsequent orientation relaxation in the absence of electric field are confirmed by optical microscopy, and a simple UV−vis electro-optical setup is used to detect the transient light transmittance. The effects of ionic strength, pulse duration, electric field strength, and particle concentration on particle alignment and orientation relaxation dynamics were systematically varied. The charge-dependent field-induced interfacial polarization, particularly the double layer polarization, plays a predominant role in the thin-walled nanotube alignment, which diminishes with increasing salt screening, approaching predictions for uncharged dielectric tubes. The experimentally obtained rotary diffusivity from nanotube orientation relaxation dynamics agrees with theoretical predictions, with negligible ionic strength effects, indicating the absence of salt-induced aggregation events. When the scaled particle concentration ϕ/ϕ* increases from 0.06 to 15, the alignment is slowed by crowding, whereas the measured collective rotary diffusion coefficient increases due to the gradient of orientation probability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".