SEVERE VISUAL LOSS SECONDARY TO RETINAL TOXICITY AFTER INTRAVENOUS USE OF BISPHOSPHONATE IN AN EYE WITH KNOWN CHLOROQUINE MACULOPATHY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Purpose: To describe a case of retinal toxicity after intravenous administration of the bisphosphonate medication zoledronic acid. Methods: A 61-year-old woman with known bull's eye chloroquine maculopathy presented with sudden decrease in vision within 1 week of receiving intravenous zoledronic acid (Aclasta). Complete ophthalmic examination including fundus photography, autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and visual field testing were performed over 1½ years of follow-up. Results: Decreased visual acuity, central visual field depression, and loss of the outer retinal layers on optical coherence tomography were seen in the symptomatic eye. The patient's last dose of chloroquine was over 15 years ago, with stable visual acuity and visual fields over this period, making chloroquine maculopathy an unlikely cause for the acute visual decline. The temporal association with the administration of intravenous zoledronic acid suggests a causative role for this mediation. Conclusion: Exposure to zoledronic acid seems to have precipitated acute visual loss in an eye with known chloroquine toxicity after 15 years of quiescence. Retinal toxicity may represent a rare adverse reaction to zoledronic acid, but this case suggests that caution should be used when administering this medication to patients with compromised retinal integrity. This case report outlines severe acute visual loss in a patient with previous chloroquine retinopathy after receiving intravenous zoledronic acid. Inflammatory damage to the already compromised retinal pigment epithelium may explain the pathologic mechanism. We caution the use of intravenous bisphosphonates in vulnerable patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".