Pressure support ventilation and intestinal microcirculation in experimental sepsis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Goal of Study: Positive pressure ventilation during sepsis may impair abdominal perfusion and intestinal microcirculation. We investigated, whether preserved spontaneous breathing could mitigate inflammatory response and compromised microcirculation in experimental sepsis. Materials and Methods: After approval by the animal care committee, male SD rats were anesthetized and tracheotomized. Sepsis was induced in 20 animals by Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonits (CASP) surgery using aseptic technique 15 h prior to the start of an experiment and 20 animals served as controls. Animals in each group were randomized to pressure support (PSV) or volume controlled ventilation (CMV). After 4 hours of ventilation intestinal microcirculation in the terminal ileum was visualized using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Leukocyte adhesion (n/mm2) and functional capillary density (mm/mm2) were analyzed. Results and Discussion: There were no differences in baseline hemodynamics and gas exchange. Although CASP animals appeared sick, macrocirculatory parameters remained stable and septic acute lung injury did not occur. In septic animals breathing PSV the functional capillary density in the longitudinal muscularis layer remained significantly higher than dysfunctional and nonfunctional capillary density (p=0.006), but not in animals ventilated in CMV. The same trend was observed in the circular layer and mucosa, but failed significance. Leukocyte adhesion in submucosal collecting venules during CMV increased from 121±24 (controls) to 301±100 (sepsis). In PSV it increased from 89±37 (controls) to 237±81 (sepsis), which was significant for both ventilation groups (p< 0.0001). The differences between CMV and PSV were not significant (p=0.14). Conclusion(s): Sepsis caused severe impairment of intestinal microcirculation despite preserved hemodynamics. The deleterious effects were less pronounced with PSV, although the differences between CMV and PSV were not significant in direct comparison.[Table 1] No Caption available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".