Luminescent Properties and Energy Transfer in Pr<sup>3+</sup> Doped and Pr<sup>3+</sup>-Yb<sup>3+</sup> Co-doped ZnO Thin Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Embedding luminescent rare earth ions into transparent oxides such as ZnO is a well-known approach to functionalize the material by adding photon-management properties. In this paper we present a detailed study of the luminescence properties and energy level structure of Pr 3+ and Yb 3+ ions embedded in ZnO thin films deposited by magnetron reactive sputtering. Careful study of the photoluminescence and excitation spectra allowed identifying and locating almost all excited levels of Pr 3+ and Yb 3+ ions. Thus, an almost complete electronic energy level diagram of these ions in the ZnO crystal lattice can be drawn for the first time. In particular, we show that the crystal field of ZnO strongly modifies the energy level structure of the Pr 3+ and Yb 3+ ions creating energy mismatches between the transitions useful for cooperative down conversion. Finally, we demonstrate that light emission from Pr 3+ ions can be induced both by direct excitation of the ions and indirectly by energy transfer from the ZnO matrix.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".