Effect of blockade of mGluR5 on stress hormone release and its gene expression in the adrenal gland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the presence of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) in the adrenal gland of male rats of 2 different strains, and to test the hypothesis that treatment with mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) affects hormone release and adrenal gene expression of mGluR5 under conditions of stress. The results clearly show the gene expression of mGluR5 in the adrenal gland in both the adrenal cortex and medulla. Treatment with the glutamate release inhibitor riluzole (4 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1) for 2 weeks) failed to modify mRNA levels of either the mGluR5 or NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor in the adrenal glands, as measured by real-time PCR. Blockade of mGluR5 with MPEP (1 mg·kg(-1) for 4 days) increased corticosterone but not catecholamine release during restraint stress (20 min). Treatment with MPEP had no effect on mRNA levels coding for steroidogenic factors StAR and SF-1, and decreased mGluR5 gene expression in the adrenal gland. In conclusion, mGluR5 is not likely to play a significant role in stress-induced catecholamine release. Pharmacological blockade of mGluR5 has a modest influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, as reflected in adrenal hypertrophy and increased corticosterone concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".