Electrochemical Reaction of Aqueous Iron Sulfate Solutions Studied by Fe L-Edge Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Change in valence of Fe ions in aqueous iron sulfate solutions at different potentials has been studied by Fe L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in transmission mode. Each XAS spectrum is measured at a constant potential by using a liquid cell with built-in electrodes. A nonlinear oxidation of Fe(II) ions to Fe(III) ions is observed when the potential is increased from 0.0 to 0.9 V. Two processes are found in the oxidation: one is a simple oxidation process and the other is a process involving the sulfate ions. The potential peak in the latter process is changed with different scanning rates because the sulfate ions affect electrode kinetic parameters and diffusion coefficients. The reduction of Fe(III) ions to Fe(II) ions shows a linear profile when the potential is decreased from 0.9 to −0.4 V. The mechanism of these Fe redox processes is discussed by correlating the XAS results with cyclic voltammetry results at different scanning rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".