Dissociative Adsorption of Nitric Acid at the Surface of Amorphous Solid Water Revealed by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A spectral feature unique to the molecularly adsorbed state of HNO 3 is found in X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This distinctive signature reveals the extent to which nitric acid is ionically dissociated upon its adsorption on amorphous solid water (ASW) at low coverage and low temperature. Thermal annealing induces irreversible proton transfer from HNO 3(ads), demonstrating that it is metastable with respect to ionic dissociation below 100 K at the surface of ASW. The slight decrease in ionic dissociation propensity reported for nitric acid at liquid water surfaces thus appears to be overwhelmed by the strong exothermicity of this reaction as its entropic inhibition becomes increasingly suppressed the lower the temperature. These findings may be relevant for atmospheric chemistry processes involving nitric acid, which should thus, according to thermodynamic considerations, be expected to behave as a strong acid at the surface of supercooled aerosols and of the quasi-liquid layer.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".