The Effect of Water Addition on Zn/Zn(II) Redox Reactions in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids with Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Anions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as potential electrolytes for rechargeable Zn-anode batteries suffers from a disadvantage of insufficient conductivity. In this study, water added ionic liquids composed of pyrrolidinium/imidazolium cations and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions were investigated with regard to their physicochemical behavior and the response of Zn/Zn(II) redox reactions. Peak conductivity was achieved by adding water in the range of 2.0-2.5 wt%. The best kinetic properties for Zn/Zn(II) redox, including decreased redox overpotential and on average three times the diffusion rate and exchange current density, were also achieved for this composition range. Water also affected the morphology of Zn electrodeposited from RTILs. Zinc deposits grew from nanocrystalline to microcrystalline in scale with poorer adhesion in water added RTILs with pyrrolidinium cations. However, Zn deposits obtained from water added RTILs with imidazolium cations showed no obvious change in size and adhesion properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".