Infections in Children Receiving Extracorporeal Life Support
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe risk factors for and the outcome of infections in children receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and to determine the need for removal of foreign bodies with bloodstream infections (BSIs) in children receiving ECLS. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS: Children receiving ECLS from May 1997 through May 2007. METHODS: For patients with documented infections, medical records were examined for demographic, clinical, and laboratory details. Patients with and without documented infections were compared with regard to demographic characteristics and ECLS course. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen patients underwent ECLS for a total of 878 days (median, 5.12 days). Thirty-five patients (29.9%) developed 55 infections, including 21 BSIs (38.2%), 20 urinary tract infections (36.4%), 6 ventilator-associated pneumonia episodes (10.9%), 2 viral infections (3.6%), and 6 miscellaneous infections (10.9%). The rates (in cases per 1,000 ECLS-days) were 23.9 for BSI, 22.8 for urinary tract infection, and 6.8 for ventilator-associated pneumonia. There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics, indications for ECLS, or ECLS course between infected and uninfected patients, except for the median duration of ECLS (10.1 vs 3.8 days; P < .001). One death was attributed to infection. Resolution of BSI occurred without removal of foreign bodies in 18 (85.7%) of 21 children. CONCLUSIONS: Longer duration of ECLS was the only identified risk factor for infection. Mortality was not statistically significantly different between infected and uninfected patients. Most BSIs that occurred during ECLS cleared without removal of foreign bodies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".