Quaternary Ammonium Bromide Surfactant Adsorption on Low-Index Surfaces of Gold. 1. Au(111)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coadsorption of the anionic and cationic components of a model quaternary ammonium bromide surfactant on Au(111) has been measured using the thermodynamics of an ideally polarized electrode. The results indicate that both bromide and trimethyloctylammonium (OTA(+)) ions are coadsorbed over a broad range of the electrical state of the gold surface. At negative polarizations, the Gibbs surface excess of the cationic surfactant is largely unperturbed by the presence of bromide ions in solution. However, when the Au(111) surface is weakly charged the existence of a low-coverage, gaslike phase of adsorbed halide induces an appreciable (~25%) enhancement of the interfacial concentration of the cationic surfactant ion. At more positive polarizations, the coadsorbed OTA(+)/Br(-) layer undergoes at least one phase transition which appears to be concomitant with the lifting of the Au(111) reconstruction and the formation of a densely packed bromide adlayer. In the absence of coadsorbed halide, the OTA(+) ions are completely desorbed from the Au(111) surface at the most positive electrode polarizations studied. However, with NaBr present in the electrolyte, a high surface excess of bromide species leads to the stabilization of adsorbed OTA(+) at such positive potentials (or equivalent charge densities).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".