Kinetic Hydrate Inhibition Performance of MEG in Under-Inhibition System: Reduction Opportunities of MEG Injection for Offshore Gas Field Developments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In offshore gas field development, mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) has been a robust choice for hydrate inhibition in subsea production systems and flowlines. Once hydrate blockage forms, considerable efforts and loss of production are inevitable to remediate the hydrate blockage. Therefore, the industry has been relying on the injection of considerable amount of MEG which is used to be over-estimated based on the worst operation condition: shut-in pressure, sea water temperature, and maximum water cut. However, during steady-state operation, the range of operation condition might be different from the worst condition and for shut-in condition; the sufficient cool down time for hydrate formation could be guaranteed with appropriate insulation. More thorough analysis is required using the multiphase flow simulator. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that MEG may have kinetic hydrate inhibition (KHI) performance. An under-inhibited system where an insufficient amount of THI is present might be possible to avoid hydrate blockage issues and to reduce the operating cost for the injection of large amount of MEG. In this work, the evaluation of under-inhibited system is carried out to identify the possibility of hydrate blockage formation using multiphase flow simulation tool, OLGA, and accompanying hydrate kinetics experiments. The temperature and pressure profiles along with the liquid holdup are estimated during the steady-state and transient operation of offshore gas fields. The optimized concentration of MEG is calculated form the simulation results. Then the under-inhibition concept is evaluated from hydrate kinetics experiments to investigate possible reduction of MEG injection rate. The obtained results suggest that at least 30% of MEG injection can be reduced using the kinetic inhibition performance of MEG in under-inhibited system, which in turn increase economic feasibility of offshore gas fields. More advanced strategy to manage hydrate blockage in offshore field developments would be developed based on the optimization of the injection rate in under-inhibited system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".