Bibliographic record
Abstract
Remyelination occurs in Multiple Sclerosis although its extent is limited in many patients. Approaches to induce remyelination include increasing trophic support or by overcoming impediments present in the microenvironment. We have examined the expression of extracellular matrix molecules around demyelinating lesions in the dorsal column of the mouse spinal cord. Demyelination was produced by the local deposition of a toxin, lysolecithin. We found that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) accumulated early following demyelination while laminins accumulated during the period of remyelination. Microglia macrophages and reactive astrocytes were sources of CSPGs and laminins, respectively. Significantly, CSPG expression was down-regulated during remyelination, emphasizing that demyelination was correspondent with accumulation of CSPGs while remyelination was concurrent with removal of CSPGs and accumulation of laminins. In vitro, CSPG were a poor substrate for oligodendrocyte adhesion and maturation while laminin facilitated these processes. To further elucidate the relevance of CSPGs in vivo, we utilized xyloside to reduce the production of CSPGs that occur following demyelination. Xyloside treatment reduced the content of CSPGs, increased the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and resulted in enhanced remyelination. These results highlight the extracellular matrix proteins around demyelinating lesions in the regulation of remyelination. In particular, we document the inhibitory roles of CSPGs, the removal of which facilitated repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".