Short-term estrogen replacement therapy reduces platelet marker levels in Malaysian postmenopausal women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In healthy postmenopausal women (PMW) increased platelet activation has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. There is much debate about the relationship between platelet function and serum estradiol level in PMW. This study assessed the effect of short-term oral estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on platelet activation markers (CD62P and PAC-1) and its correlation with age and body mass index (BMI) among healthy PMW. METHODS: A prospective intervention study was conducted at Hospital University Sains Malaysia, involving 48 healthy PMW who were evaluated for platelet activation marker levels as determined by flow cytometry, before and after two weeks of oral ERT with 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen once daily. The pre- and post-ERT platelets activation markers difference was analysed by paired t-test. RESULTS: The pre-ERT, mean ± SD percentage levels of CD62P and PAC-1 were significantly reduced from 7.00 ± 5.91 and 41.75 ± 26.85 to 3.05 ± 2.47 and 20.86 ± 19.02, respectively, after two weeks of ERT (P value < 0.001). The correlation of platelet activation markers was significant with estradiol but not with age and BMI. CONCLUSION: Short-term ERT leads to reduction in platelet activity, which might contribute to protection against cardiovascular diseases in healthy PMW.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".