Phase Separation As a Strategy Toward Controlling Dilution Effects in Macrocyclic Glaser-Hay Couplings
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Macrocycles are abundant in numerous chemical applications, however the traditional strategy for the preparation of these compounds remains cumbersome and environmentally damaging; involving tedious reaction set-ups and extremely dilute reaction media. The development of a macrocyclization strategy conducted at high concentrations is described which exploits phase separation of the catalyst and substrate, as a strategy to control dilution effects. Sequestering a copper catalyst in a highly polar and/or hydrophilic phase can be achieved using a hydrophilic ligand, T-PEG(1900), a PEGylated TMEDA derivative. Similarly, phase separation is possible when suitable copper complexes are soluble in PEG(400), a green and efficient solvent which can be utilized in biphasic mixtures for promoting macrocyclization at high concentrations. The latter phase separation technique can be exploited for the synthesis of a wide range of industrially relevant macrocycles with varying ring sizes and functional groups.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it