Exploiting the North-South Differential: Corporate Power, Southern Politics, and the Decline of Organized Labor after World War II
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In October 1945 the Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company, one of the leading carpet manufacturers in the United States and the largest employer in Yonkers, New York, marked its hundredth year. At a gala celebration sponsored by the Yonkers Chamber of Commerce, the company's first vice president, William F. C. “Bill” Ewing, shared his vision for the postwar future. Ewing called for greater federal support for business since, as he put it, “in the last 10 or 12 years, Government has been deliberately unfriendly to business.” He also expressed concern about labor's demands; without federal tariff protection, he cautioned, high wages would “prevent successful competition.” Ewing reminded the audience that his great-grandfather, Alexander Smith, had relocated to Yonkers eighty years earlier “to escape deliberate sabotage and to find a friendly atmosphere. He found it and prospered.” Ewing alluded to Smith's move to Yonkers in 1864 after his first factory, established in 1845, burned down; the fire may have been set by employees incensed by Smith's introduction of the power loom. Ewing's remarks undoubtedly struck a chord with the city's business leaders, who understood that if postwar conditions proved undesirable, the company could move again.1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".