Thermo-TDR Probe for Measurement of Soil Moisture, Density, and Thermal Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geothermal energy, particularly shallow geothermal energy, has become increasingly popular in the geotechnical engineering community. Design of optimized and efficient geothermal systems requires better understanding of soil thermal behavior, which relies on accurate characterization of soil thermal conductivity, along with moisture and density. In this study a thermo-TDR probe was designed and evaluated against a standard heat probe for thermal property measurement. In addition, the probe also enables the simultaneous measurement of moisture and density, along with thermal conductivity. This unique feature makes it possible to obtain high-quality data for geothermal-related studies. Ottawa sand and kaolin clay soils at different moisture conditions were tested using the developed thermo-TDR probe. The obtained data show the thermo-TDR probe can measure moisture content and density and thermal properties with reasonable accuracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".