GABA A receptor antagonistic insecticide fipronil: Overview of toxicological studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole-class insecticide used for rice protection, and its pharmacological activity is an interruption of the GABA A receptor. Since fipronil suppresses GABAergic neurons, central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is well observed. However, fipronil has no influence on neurogenesis. Fipronil promoted hepatocyte vacuolization and thyroid oncogenesis only in rats. It had no genotoxic activity, and thyroid oncogenesis was promoted by accelerated thyroxin clearance under the genetic lack of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), suggesting an apparent rat-specific mechanism. Therefore, in relation to human health concerns, the most important toxicity of fipronil would be CNS toxicity, which was commonly observed in most of the toxicological studies with various species. Most of the NOAELs were established by CNS toxicity, and a minimum value was contributed for the ADI setting. Thus, the safety and human risk assessments are well ensured by the ADI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".