Synthesis of Lignin Nanofibers with Ionic-Responsive Shells: Water-Expandable Lignin-Based Nanofibrous Mats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of ionic responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) surface-modified lignin nanofiber mats were prepared by aqueous surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). PNIPAM brushes with various molecular weights, thickness, and grafting densities were immobilized on electrospun lignin nanofiber mats by adjusting initial monomer concentration and surface initiator density. ATR-FTIR, SEM, TGA, XPS, and water contact angle measurements confirmed successful surface modification. Analysis of the PNIPAM-modified lignin nanofiber mats (Lig-PN) found that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was similar to that of PNIPAM and demonstrated ionic responsive characteristics. With increasing ionic concentration, the water contact angles of the Lig-PN increased correspondingly. AFM images showed that the PNIPAM on the lignin nanofiber mat surface expanded in water and contracted in 0.5 M Na(2)SO(4).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".