Orientation analysis of borehole geophones: calibration consistency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geophone orientation azimuths were found from 3D VSP data, acquired near Lousana, Alberta, in order to examine any dependence of computed geophone orientation on source-well offset or azimuth. Additionally, a comparison was made between analytic and hodogram methods. The dataset was divided based on source-well azimuth into bins with centers trending 0°-180°, 45°-225°, 90°-270° and 135°-315°. There appeared to be little dependence on source-well sector azimuth, which is expected for flat, isotropic geology near the well. Offsets were binned into ranges of 0-600 m, 600-950 m, 950-1300 m, 1300-1650 m and greater than 1650 m. Scatter in rotation angles was shown to be strongly dependent on offset, with the most constrained results in the 1300-1650 m offset bin. The optimal offset range for geophone orientation calibration was found to be between 1 and 2 times the receiver depth. Standard deviation in orientation azimuths were found to be 1.66° using the analytic method, and 2.17° using the hodogram method from a total of 249 source locations. While the both methods performed well, the analytic method produced more consistent results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".