Injection and Nitrification Inhibitor Improve the Recovery of Pig Slurry Ammonium Nitrogen in Grain Crops in Brazil
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficient management practices are needed for no‐till (NT) cropping systems fertilized with pig slurry (PS). We evaluated the effect of application mode (surface broadcasting vs. injection) with or without the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), on the recovery of PS ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 –N) in 2‐yr crop succession (corn [ Zea mays L.]/oat [ Avena strigosa L.]/corn/wheat [ Triticum aestivum L.]) under NT and irrigation. Each crop received PS at planting. The NH 4 ‐N fraction of PS was enriched with 15 N to discriminate the contribution of current vs. past applications to crop N uptake. Compared to surface application, injection increased corn uptake of PS NH 4 –N by 22 kg N ha −1 under low precipitation regime, likely because it efficiently reduced ammonia volatilization; the effect was small under high precipitation regime and in winter crops in general. To the contrary, DCD doubled the uptake of PS NH 4 –N in corn (+24 kg N ha −1 ) under high precipitation regime, likely because it reduced losses through N leaching, whereas the gain was smaller under drier conditions and in winter crops in general. Because of this complementary response to injection and DCD, the retention of PS NH 4 –N in the soil–plant system for the whole crop succession was maximized where PS was injected in combination with DCD, being 19 to 23% greater than injection or DCD alone. The injection of DCD‐treated PS is therefore recommended to maximize crop uptake of PS NH 4 –N and minimize environmental losses under irrigated NT conditions in southern Brazil. Core Ideas Injection of dicyandiamide‐treated pig slurry is a recommendable practice to maximize crop uptake of pig slurry NH 4 –N. Injection of dicyandiamide‐treated pig slurry is a recommendable practice to minimize environmental N losses. Injection was more efficient under dryer than wetter conditions. Dicyandiamide added to pig slurry improved the retention of pig slurry NH 4 –N only under wet conditions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it