An Improved CO<sub>2</sub>–Oil Minimum Miscibility Pressure Correlation for Live and Dead Crude Oils
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An improved CO 2 –oil minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) correlation has been successfully developed to more accurately determine the CO 2 –oil MMP for a wide range of live and dead crude oils. Experimentally, slim-tube tests have been conducted to determine the CO 2 –oil MMPs for four crude oil samples with high molecular weights of C 7+ fraction. Theoretically, the newly developed CO 2 –oil MMP correlation is originated from a CO 2 –oil MMP database from the literature that covers 51 CO 2 –oil MMP data for various live and dead oil samples, especially those with high C 7+ molecular weights. The new CO 2 –oil MMP correlation is expressed as a function of reservoir temperature, C 7+ molecular weight, and mole fraction ratio of volatile components (N 2 and CH 4 ) to intermediate components (CO 2, H 2 S, and C 2 –C 6 ). Compared to nine commonly used CO 2 –oil MMP correlations in the literature, it is found that the new CO 2 –oil MMP correlation provides the best reproduction of the literature CO 2 –oil MMP data with a percentage average absolute deviation (% AAD) of 8.08% and a percentage maximum absolute deviation (% MAD) of 22.99%, respectively. To further examine its predictive capability, the new CO 2 –oil MMP correlation is then validated with the four experimentally measured CO 2 –oil MMPs in this study. The newly developed CO 2 –oil MMP correlation leads to the best prediction accuracy of the four measured CO 2 –oil MMPs with a % AAD of 4.18% and a % MAD of 7.01%, respectively.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it