Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Synthetic Diesel over 5 wt % Ni/Ce<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.33</sub>Ca<sub>0.085</sub>Y<sub>0.085</sub>O<sub>2-δ</sub> Catalyst for Hydrogen Production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kinetics of the catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reforming of synthetic diesel (SD) has been studied for the first time for the production of hydrogen using a conventional reactor and standard liquid feed delivery system over a novel 5 wt % Ni/Ce 0.5 Zr 0.33 Ca 0.085 Y 0.085 O 2-δ (5N/CZCaY) catalyst prepared by a surfactant-assisted route. The experimental runs were conducted at atmospheric pressure, in the temperature range of 1123–1223 K, with an oxygen/synthetic diesel (O 2 /SD) molar ratio in the range of 6.7–9.3 and a weight of catalyst/synthetic diesel molar flow ratio ( W / F SD,0 ) in the range of 5.28–13.21 kg catalyst h kmol SD –1 . The experimental results were used to develop a power law rate model of the form (− r SD ) = 3.22 × 10 15 exp(−16000/ RT ) N SD 2 N O 2 0.5, which yielded an average absolute deviation (AAD) of <15% when the predicted rates were compared to experimental rates. The catalyst, 5N/CZCaY, was also tested for an extended period of time, and the results showed a stable performance of the 5N/CZCaY catalyst for the entire duration of the extended run (17 h). In addition, the effects of reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, feed ratio (O 2 /SD), and W / F SD,0, on the catalytic activity of the developed catalyst were also investigated and used to establish the optimum operating conditions for the studied reaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".