Random DNA libraries from three species of the stick insect genus <i>Bacillus</i> (Insecta: Phasmida): repetitive DNA characterization and first observation of polyneopteran MITEs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The repetitive DNA content of the stick insect species Bacillus rossius (facultative parthenogenetic), Bacillus grandii (gonochoric), and Bacillus atticus (obligate parthenogenetic) was analyzed through the survey of random genomic libraries roughly corresponding to 0.006% of the genome. By repeat masking, 19 families of transposable elements were identified (two LTR and six non-LTR retrotransposons; 11 DNA transposons). Moreover, a de novo analysis revealed, among the three libraries, the first MITE family observed in polyneopteran genomes. On the whole, transposable element abundance represented 23.3% of the genome in B. rossius, 22.9% in B. atticus, and 18% in B. grandii. Tandem repeat content in the three libraries is much lower: 1.32%, 0.64%, and 1.86% in B. rossius, B. grandii, and B. atticus, respectively. Microsatellites are the most abundant in all species. Minisatellites were only found in B. rossius and B. atticus, and five monomers belonging to the Bag320 satellite family were detected in B. atticus. Assuming the survey provides adequate representation of the relative genome, the obligate parthenogenetic species (B. atticus), compared with the other two species analyzed, does not show a lower transposable element content, as expected from some theoretical and empirical studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".