Clinical factors associated with malignancy and HIV status in patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: To describe the clinical characteristics of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in a sub-Saharan referral hospital setting according to histopathological diagnosis and HIV status. METHODS: All patients were enrolled who presented consecutively to the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College eye department with lesions suspected to be OSSN from September 2005 to May 2007 and from February 2008 to September 2008. Clinical characteristics were documented on a standardised form, excision biopsies were performed and histopathological diagnosis was obtained on all cases. Data were analysed to look for associations among various factors. RESULTS: 150 patients were enrolled. Histopathological study showed OSSN in 88% of cases. Of these, 128 (85.6%) were under the age of 50 years and 60% were HIV positive. The median CD4 cell count was 71 cells/μl among HIV-positive cases. Independent of size, the lesions of patients who were HIV positive were more likely to be higher grade malignancy than those who were HIV negative. CONCLUSION: In a sub-Saharan setting, OSSN occurs in persons who are younger than in industrialised countries and is often associated with HIV positivity. CD4 cell counts indicate that a majority of HIV-positive patients with OSSN are significantly immunosuppressed at presentation. Higher grade malignancy in this group could indicate a more aggressive course.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".