Discovery of the Potential of Minimum Mass for Platinum Electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical quartz-crystal nanobalance (EQCN) analysis of the behavior of Pt in aqueous H(2)SO(4) reveals that the interfacial mass reaches a minimum, the potential of minimum mass (E(pmm)), at 0.045 V. A similar behavior is observed for Pt in aqueous HClO(4) and NaOH. E(pmm) is a new parameter describing the electrochemical interface. The value of E(pmm) coincides with the completion of the saturation layer of electroadsorbed H (H(UPD)) and the commencement of H(2)(g) generation or H(2)(g) electro-oxidation. The value of E(pmm) and the structure of the Pt/electrolyte interface are discussed in terms of the interactions of the anions H(3)O(+), H(UPD), H(OPD), and H(2)O with Pt. The layer of H(UPD) embedded in the Pt surface lattice minimizes the surface dipole-water dipole and surface charge-water dipole interactions, thus reduces the wetting ability of Pt. Consequently, the discharge of H(3)O(+) in the electrolytic formation of H(2)(g) or the dissociative adsorption of H(2)(g) that precedes its electro-oxidation to H(3)O(+) proceed easily on Pt, because the species do not have to displace H(2)O molecules. Effective and inexpensive non-platinum electrocatalysts for the electrolytic H(2)(g) generation in water electrolyzers or H(2)(g) electro-oxidation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells should mimic the interfacial behavior of Pt by minimizing the interaction of H(2)O molecules with the electrode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".