Effectiveness of Acupuncture and Acupuncture-like Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (ACUTENS) in treating primary dysmenorrhea- A randomised controlled trial (RCT)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acupuncture and study to acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in treating primary dysmenorrhea Methods: Subjects: Eligible women were aged 11-30 years with a diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea.Twelve subjects each were randomized to control, acupuncture and ACUTENS groups.All subjects completed two pain questionnaires (Pain Rating Index (PRI) of McGill Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale) before treatment; immediately post treatment; 30, 60, 120 post-treatment and the next morning upon awakening.The data were treated as means and standard deviation analyzed with one way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc analysis test.Results: The mean pretreatment PRI values for the control (29.33+ 2.8), acupuncture (29.17+ 2.4), and ACUTENS (29.28 +2.6) groups did not show statistical significant difference (F= .016,P=0.985).However, a decline in the mean PRI values for the acupuncture (14.42+ 2.49) and ACUTENS (13.83 +3.13) groups were recorded immediately post treatment which were also statistically significant (F= 87.30, P=0.00).The decline in the PRI and VAS scores recorded immediately post treatments were maintained at 30mins, 60mins 120 min post treatment and the next day in the acupuncture and ACUTENS groups.Similarly, the mean VAS values immediately post treatment for control (4.75+ 1.76), acupuncture (1.25+ 0.62) and ACUTENS (1.33 +0.65) showed statistical significant difference (F= 35.59,P=0.00).Post hoc analysis of the difference in PRI and VAS scores, between Acupuncture and ACUTENS groups did not show statistically significant difference at any point of data collection (P > 0.05).The overall percentage improvements in PRI scores were 10.41%, 50.23% and 52.26% for the control, acupuncture and ACUTENS groups respectively.Similarly, the overall improvement in VAS scores were 8.89%, 74.58% and 75.56% for the control, acupuncture and ACUTENS groups respectively.Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed that acupuncture and low frequency and high intensity TENS/ acupuncture like TENS treatment could be effective in treating pain due to primary dysmenorhea.Findings from this study also showed that pain relief was approximately the same for the acupuncture and the ACUTENS groups over time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".