Dietary Gangliosides improve intestinal integrity and Epithelial Barrier Function in Caco-2 Cells IBD Model Induced by DSS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gangliosides are negatively charged glycosphingolipids that consist of a hydrophobic ceramide and a hydrophilic oligosaccharide chain bearing one or more sialic acid. Gangliosides are found in human milk and cow's milk, although the latter has a much lower gangliosides concentration. Animal studies indicated that gangliosides modulated immune system in weanling mice and protected infection. Both animal and human cell studies suggest that gangliosides have anti-inflammatory effects by modulating signal cytokines expression, such as decreasing tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), etc. The objectives of this study were to use the human epithelial Caco-2 IBD model induced by DSS (dextran sulfate sodium) to investigate the benefits of the gangliosides supplement on IBD and the potential mechanisms. The intestinal morphological structure, plasma membrane integrity and epithelial barrier function were assessed in the confluent monolayers of human Caco-2 IBD model with or without gangliosides. The expression of proinflammatory marker sPLA2 (secretory phospholipase A2) were examined, too. Dietary gangliosides were extracted from milk powder in lab. Epithelial barrier function was examined by measuring TEER (Trans Epithelial Electric Resistance) and the intestinal morphological structure damage was studied via TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). The level of the sPLA2 and the cellular phospholipids profiles in Caco-2 cells were also determined. The results indicated that dietary gangliosides significantly improved the defective epithelial barrier function from and protected the disruption of intestinal junction complexes, including tight junction and adhesion junction compared with DSS treatment alone. The sPLA2 level in the basolateral medium was significantly decreased in gangliosides supplement cells by 40% compared with DSS treatment alone. DSS treatment also significantly increased the cellular PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) content by 28% compared with the control without DSS or gangliosides, suggesting cellular phospholipids damage were associated with the inflammation as well. In conclusion, the present study in vitro further supported that dietary gangliosides supplement had promising beneficial effect on IBD by improving epithelial barrier function and protecting intestinal integrity. The anti-inflammatory effect may partly contribute to the decrease of sPLA2 level.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".