Acidic amino acids increase fusion activity in the specific fusion domain of Newcastle disease virus fusion protein
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To explore the effects of amino acids Gln and Asn within the specific fusion domain of fusion (F) protein on the specific membrane fusion in Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the mutants Q204E-Q205E and N245D were constructed in the specific fusion domain of F protein. The mutant genes were co-expressed with homologous or heterologous hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) in BHK21 cells. Cell fusion functions of mutants were analyzed with Giemsa staining and reporter gene methods. Cell surface expression efficiency was analyzed with immunofluorescence assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to analyze the interaction of mutant F proteins with the homotypic HN protein. Both Q204E-Q205E and N245D mutations caused increased cell-cell fusion activity when they were co-expressed with homotypic HN protein. The mutant F proteins had slight changes in cell surface expression compared with that of wild-type F protein. The interactions of Q204E-Q205E or N245D with their homotypic HN increased significantly (P < 0.01) compared with the wild-type F protein. Neither Q204-Q205E nor N245D caused cell fusion in the presence of heterologous HN protein. Our data suggested that the residues Q204, Q205, and N245 play a critical role in the regulation of cell fusion. They may decrease the interaction of wild-type NDV F and NDV HN to suppress the fusion activity for survival of the infected host, which may enable a persistent virus infection and long-term virus reproduction and spread.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".