Arthroscopically-assisted biceps tenodesis using a suture anchor
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Disorders of the long head of the biceps are a common cause of shoulder pain and can be treated with debridement, tenotomy, or tenodesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a novel method of tenodesis that involves arthroscopic ligation of the biceps tendon and subsequent open, suture anchor fixation at the inferior portion of the bicipital groove. Methods Clinical results of arthroscopically-assisted biceps tenodesis were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant score, visual analog pain scale (VAS), subjective shoulder value (SSV). The contralateral limb served as a control. Patients were asked about the acceptability of the scar and whether they would have the surgery again. Results Fifty-one patients who underwent arthroscopically assisted biceps tenodesis were evaluated at a mean of 4.3 years postoperatively. ASES scores were 91.7 (±14.8) for the operative and 89.9 (±17.5) for the nonoperative limb. Constant scores averaged 83.5 (±13.1) for the operative and 82.9 (±13.9) for the nonoperative limb. VAS scores were 0.99 (±1.82) for the operative and 0.79 (±1.55) for the nonoperative limb. SSV scores were 87% for the operative shoulder and 89% for the control. Forty-six patients found the scar appearance acceptable, and all patients who replied stated that they would have the surgery again for the same problem. There were no re-operations for biceps tendon tenderness or re-rupture. Conclusions Arthroscopically assisted biceps tenodesis produced motion, pain control, and function that was similar to the patient’s nonoperative limb. No re-operations were necessary. Overall patient satisfaction was high and the surgery produced acceptable cosmetic results.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it