Aldol Reactions with Kinetic Resolution: Scope and Limitations of Ketal- and Dithioketal-Protected β-Ketoaldehydes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The multiplicativity rule suggests that aldol coupling of chiral reactants will proceed with substantial mutual kinetic enantioselection (MKE) (racemic reactants) or via a highly enantioselective kinetic resolution (KR) (one enantiopure reactant) if the relative topicity is highly selective and the ketone enolate and aldehyde each have high diastereoface selectivity. The scope and limitations of that paradigm were explored by determining the stereoselectivities of aldol reactions of ketone 1a (known to give 3,5-trans aldol adducts with high selectivity) with a series of ketal- and dithioketal-protected β-ketoaldehydes (±)-5 (predicted to have high Felkin diastereoface selectivity). Using racemic reactants, all reactions of the (c-Hex)(2)B enolates (highly anti-selective relative topicity) were remarkably selective and gave the 3,5-trans-3,1"-anti-1",2"-syn adduct, one of eight possible diastereomers, via a diastereoselective (dr > 20) preferential reaction (MKE > 17) of like reactant enantiomers [i.e., (3R)-1a + (R)-5 and (3S)-1a + (S)-5]. Reactions of the corresponding Ti(IV) "ate" enolates (anticipated syn-selective relative topicity) were much less selective, and only those of MOM-protected 1a with dithiolane-protected (±)-5 (i.e., X = S, n = 1) gave high selectivity in favor of the 3,5-trans-3,1"-syn-1",2"-syn adduct via a diastereoselective (dr > 20) preferential reaction (MKE ≥ 6) of unlike reactant enantiomers [i.e., (3R)-1a + (S)-5 and (3S)-1a + (R)-5]. Analogous reactions of the (c-Hex)(2)B and Ti(IV) "ate" enolates of enantiopure (+)-1a (R = MOM) with (±)-5c (R(2) = Me, X = S, n = 1) occurred with KR to give the corresponding enantiopure adducts with the expected stereoselectivity. The adducts have applications in polyproionate synthesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".