<b>Suppression of Central post-stroke pain with Sarpogrelate hydrochloride and Paroxetine </b>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is the most difficult to treat among the neuropathic pains. The occurrence of CPSP was reported to be 1 - 8% after stroke. However, there has been no standard treatment for CPSP. It has been reported that anti-epileptogenic drug, anti-depressant and motor cortex electrical stimulation were effective for CPSP.Sarpogrelate hydrochloride (Sarpo), 5-HT2A antagonist, is effective on some peripheral neuropathic pain. Paroxetine (Parox), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is also an inhibitor of P2X4 receptor on microglia. Inoue et al reported that inhibition of P2X4 receptor on microglia produced pain reduction in neuropathic pain originating from spinal cord of the animal model. Parox is reported to be some effective on central pain. In this time, Sarpo (300 mg/day) and Parox (20 mg/day) were administered to CPSP patients (13 patients with Sarpo and 14 with Parox) for 3 months. The pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), Pain Questionaire (SF-MPQ), and modified MPQ. Sarpo was not significantly effective on CPSP. On the other hand, in Parox group, McGill three patients showed 30% score reduction by SF-MPQ and modified MPQ. Five patients felt better without score reduction and wish to be administered after 3 months. After three months, Parox was increased to 40 mg/day, and two patients showed pain reduction. The effectiveness of Sarpo on the peripheral neuropathic pain is mainly caused by improved peripheral circulation. Sarpo cannot penetrate through blood-brain-barrier. Parox may act on P2X4 receptor surround of old infarction and hematoma, but in chronic state of stroke, it is very doubtful that microglia survived and generated neuropathic pain for long time. Probably Parox acts on brain serotonergic system and reduced pain. Parox (40 mg/day) acts on both serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. Probably some patients respond to Parox (40 mg/day) and showed pain reduction by this mechanism. In next stage, we will evaluate Parox (40 mg/day) on CPSP, and compare with Duroxetine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".