Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental research was conducted to evaluate the effects of salt content and osmotic suction on suction measurements, moisture retention, and shrinkage behavior of a natural compacted clay soil. Results are presented for: (1) soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) in terms of matric, total, and osmotic suction, and (2) unconfined shrinkage tests on natural and salt-amended compacted soil specimens. These experimental results show that the measurement of total suction is dominated by osmotic suction, even when only moderate amounts of salt are present. Although osmotic suction dominates the total suction measurement, its influence on soil behavior is relatively small compared to the effects of changes in matric suction. It is common practice in engineering to use total suction as a substitute for matric suction, because total suction can be readily measured over the entire range of soil moisture up to 106 kPa using psychrometric techniques. Matric suction is measurable only up to approximately 1500 kPa maximum. Theory and experiments described in this paper are intended to illustrate how the use of total suction as a proxy for matric suction may be problematic when osmotic suction is large due to the presence of salts in the soil.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".