Numerical Simulation and Evaluation of Cavity Growth in In Situ Coal Gasification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 3D CFD model of the UCG process is developed and evaluated on a small-scale coal block with the dimensions of 3 × 1.5 × 2 cm. The results are discussed in detail and compared with the experimental data available. It was observed that the process reaches a steady sate condition after 4000 s of the process and remains in this condition until 8300 s, when drying and pyrolysis of the whole block is finished. The rate of cavity growth and the temperature at the outlet increased right after this period. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis indicated that the coal thermal conductivity has a major effect on the UCG process. Initial permeability of the seam also had strong influence on the growth rate and shape of the cavity. The higher coal permeability led to faster growth of the cavity and resulted in a much wider cavity. Lower oxygen flow rates at the inlet led to a more bulbous cavity shape, whereas at higher flow rates, the cavity became elongated in the direction of the production well. Increasing the inlet flow beyond a certain value decreased the concentration of CO and H 2 in syngas due to excessive combustion of these gases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".