Interpretation of atomic motion in flexible molecules: Accelerating molecular dynamics simulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a new approach to split up the velocities of atoms of flexible molecules into translational, rotational, and vibrational components. As a result, the kinetic energy of the system can easily be expressed in terms of only three parts related to the above components. This is distinct from the standard Eckart method, where the cumbersome Coriolis contribution to the kinetic energy appears additionally. The absence of such a contribution within the proposed approach allows us to readily extend the microcanonical multiple-time-step dynamics of flexible molecules to the canonical-isokinetic Nosé-Hoover chain ensemble by explicitly integrating the translational, orientational, and vibrational motion. The previous extensions dealt exclusively with translational degrees of freedom of separate atoms, leading to a limitation on the size of the outer time step of 100 femtoseconds. We show on molecular dynamics simulations of the flexible TIP3P water model that the new canonical-isokinetic formulation gives a possibility to significantly overcome this limitation. In particular, huge outer time steps of order from a few hundred femtoseconds up to several picoseconds can now be employed to study conformational properties without loss of accuracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".