KATE TRANSCHEL. Under the Influence: Working-Class Drinking, Temperance, and Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1895-1932. (Pitt Series in Russian and East European Studies.) Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press. 2006. Pp. x, 209. $35.00
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Proverbially, and not inaccurately, “the joy of Russia is drink.” This book attempts, and within a brief span of pages largely succeeds, in describing how the nonjoyful side—the “drink problem”—was conceptualized, defined, and to a degree dealt with, in late tsarist and early Soviet Russia. The gulf between the late imperial period and the end of the first Soviet Five Year Plan in the early 1930s (by which time the Soviet model had truly congealed) is indeed wide. Kate Transchel points up a mix of continuities and breaks in the way two different versions of Russia operated. Late tsarism's efflorescence of “voluntary” social activism included temperance societies, which were seen as one response of an emergent middle class to changes in a social order altered mightily by the liberation of the serfs in 1861, and their trouble-fraught urbanization and proletarianization in the last quarter of the century. Among the attractions of acting, organizing, agitating about peasant drunkenness for those drawn to participation was the prospect that it would “mark their arrival into ‘civilized’ society,” signaling a “demand for equal status for their tastes and values from the classes above” (p. 49). The larger tsarist order was ambiguous about much of this: as tax gatherer and also distiller/vendor it profited from Russia's thirst, even as it debated prohibition-type measures in the early (1914–1916) war years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".