High-Temperature Conductivity Measurements for Industrial Applications. 2. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>−Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new conductivity cell, developed previously, was employed from 15 to 250 °C, in an effort to investigate the inter-relation between the measured conductivities and the solution chemistry of high-temperature H 2 SO 4 −Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 solutions. These electrolytes exist in the laterite leach slurry of the pressure acid leaching process. It was found that, at 250 °C, the effect of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 on conductivity decreases with increasing Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . This is in agreement with our previous findings that aluminum mostly forms Al(SO 4 ) + at low molalities, whereas 85% of aluminum is associated as Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0 at near-saturation molalities. At 250 °C and constant H 2 SO 4 molality, the solution conductivity drops with increasing Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 molality. It is suggested that this drop is caused by a sharp decrease in ionic equivalent conductivities of H +, HSO 4 -, and Al(SO 4 ) + . This drop was found to be similar in nature to the drop when H 2 SO 4 is added at very low concentrations. A new unified correlation for ionic equivalent conductivity in terms of one-third power of individual ionic strength was found. Finally, a simple mixing rule was developed to calculate the ionic equivalent conductivities in H 2 SO 4 −Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".