PAPER PHYSICS. PIV measurements of flow through forming fabrics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The three-dimensional velocity field in the single phase approach flow to a multiple layer woven forming fabric was measured using PIV. The measurements were conducted on a scaled-up model of a forming fabric in a water/glycerin flow loop. Each strand on the paper side of the model forming fabric had a filament diameter ( d) of 1 5 mm, and the flow loop test section was 3 1 0 mm squared, permitting the measurement of detailed velocity distributions over multiple strands of the fabric. The flow speed in the loop test section was varied to achieve screen Reynolds numbers between 12 and 6 5 . PIV measurements showed that when the distance t o the paper side of the fabric changes from 0.25d to 1 . 5d, the normalized ZD, CMD and MD velocity deviation decreases from 1 9 .7% to 4 .2%, 1 5 . 3 % to 1 .9% and 1 4 . 5 % t o 2 . 3 %, respectively; the ratio between maximum and minimum ZD velocity decreases from 3 .3 to 1 .2 . These findings indicate that the flow non-uniformity caused by the fabric weave is confined to a short distance above the fabric. CFD simulations of the same flow were consistent with the PIV measurements.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".