Surface-attached amphipathic peptides reduce hemorrhage in vivo
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The leading causes of death for trauma patients in civilian and combat settings are traumatic brain injury and uncontrolled hemorrhage, respectively. This study examines the hemostatic activity of an ideal amphipathic peptide (IAP) attached to a biocompatible surface. METHODS: Procoagulant properties of IAP attached to a surface were first tested, in vitro, using factor Xa and thrombin generation assays and thromboelastography. Rabbits and swine were used for in vivo studies. Injuries were performed using scalpel blade 11, and free bleeding was allowed for five seconds. While bleeding, IAP coupled to a hydrogel or QuikClot were applied to the wound and the time was recorded until bleeding stopped. RESULTS: Results show that when IAP is attached to a surface, both factor IXa and factor Xa activities are promoted. Thromboelastography shows that surface-attached IAP results in earlier onset and stronger clot formation. In rabbits, the incorporation of IAP onto a biocompatible hydrogel reduces bleeding times by 40% (p < 0.03). In pigs, bleeding times are reduced 30% to 50% (p < 0.02) by surface-coupled IAP. Finally, using a rabbit liver laceration model, the properties of surface-coupled IAP are less damaging when compared with QuikClot, a currently used material in external hemorrhagic injuries. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a relevant proof of concept for the development of IAP coupled to a biocompatible surface as a hemostatic agent, that is potentially safer than the commercially available QuikClot.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it