Relaxation phenomena of nicotinamide and benzamide with 1-propanol and 1-butanol in C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub> under static and 9.385 GHz electric field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dielectric relaxation behaviors of nicotinamide+1-propanol, benzamide+1-propanol, and nicotinamide+1-butanol dissolved in C 6 H 6 at 0.990, 0.985, 0.980, 0.975, 0.970; 0.990, 0.985, 0.980, and 0.980 mol fraction x j of 1-propanol or 1-butanol at temperature 30 °C and 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively, are studied using the Debye model of binary polar–non-polar liquid mixture to predict double relaxation times τ 2 and τ 1 and dipole moments μ 2 and μ 1 from susceptibility measurement of concentration variation solution data under static and 9.385 GHz electric fields. Nineteen systems exhibit τ 2 , τ 1 and μ 2 , μ 1 . τ 2 are found to increase with temperature for all the binary polar mixtures, whereas τ 1 , most probable τ 0 , and measured τ from slope methods are almost the same. They agree well with the τ reported by Higasi. The plots of τ jk –x j and μ jk –x j curves reveal solute–solute and solute–solvent molecular association through H-bonding, and variation of μ with t (°C) is noted from the μ jk –t curve. The associational aspects are taken into consideration from theoretical μ theo from the standpoint of inductive, mesomeric, and electromeric effects within the polar groups of the molecules. The estimated Debye factor τ jk T/η and Kalman factor τ jk T/η γ reveal that the polar mixture obeys the Debye relaxation mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".