Biliopancreatic Route for Effective Viral Transduction of Pancreatic Islets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic islets are notoriously difficult to efficiently transduce genes with viruses whether in vivo or ex vivo, the latter only transducing superficial layers of the islet. To improve efficiency of transduction, we explored surgical approaches to virus delivery in vivo. METHODS: A technique was developed for retrograde surgical perfusion into the rat biliopancreatic duct with a test adenovirus containing a construct coexpressing green fluorescent protein, the latter for detection of infected cells. RESULTS: Pancreatic islets isolated after acute pancreatic infusion and cultured for 2 days showed expression in the entire islet and in almost all islets. When rats were recovered from the surgery, and then islets isolated at 1 and 8 weeks after surgery, we continued to see extensive islet green fluorescent protein expression, albeit at more reduced levels at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This strategy of surgical pancreatic ductal perfusion of viruses is an effective way to transduce or reduce gene expression in pancreatic islets for both acute and chronic study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".