Synthesis of Bi- and Trifunctional Cyclic Carbonates Based on Trimethylolpropane and Their Application to Networked Polyhydroxyurethanes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The reaction of trimethylolpropane (TMP) and diphenyl carbonate gives three types of TMP-based six-membered cyclic carbonates (TMPCs) via phosgene-free route. TMPC having one hydroxyl group (TMPC-OH) reacted with terephthaloyl chloride or trimesoyl chloride to give bifunctional (Ph-TMPC2) or trifunctional cyclic carbonate monomers (Ph-TMPC3), respectively. The ring-opening polyaddition of Ph-TMPC2 and conventional diamines efficiently proceeded without the cleavage of ester bonds to afford linear polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) with well-controlled molecular weights and polydispersities via isocyanate-free route. Moreover, the polyaddition of Ph-TMPC2 and diamine at TMPC2/diamine feed ratio of 1.1 afforded PHUs having cyclic carbonate terminals, the hydroxyl side chains of which were easily reacted with acetic anhydride to give acetylated PHUs with cyclic carbonate terminals. On the other hand, the polyaddition at Ph-TMPC2/diamine feed ratio of 0.91 gave PHUs with amine terminals. The copolymerization of Ph-TMPC2, Ph-TMPC3 and diamine gives PHUs comprising covalently-bridged networked structures. After DMF solutions of Ph-TMPC2, Ph-TMPC3 and diamines were simply kept at 60 °C overnight, networked PHU films with well transparency were successfully fabricated. The PHU films prepared at different diamines showed similar transparency and thermal stability, while the mechanical properties were significantly affected by the methylene spacers of diamines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".