Calcined Dolomite: Alternative to Lime for Minimizing Undesirable Element Leachability from Fly Ash
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comparison of the effectiveness of totally and partially calcined dolomite additives (TCD and PCD) on the leachability of elemental constituents from three fly ashes was performed. Both additives were found effective in reducing the concentrations of several undesirable oxyanion constituents in fly ash leachates, although enhanced leaching of fly ashes was also detected as a result of calcined dolomite treatment. As compared to the straight water/ash runs, the extra leached fraction of fly ashes range approximately from 4 to 13% for the PCD-added runs and 25 to 31% for the TCD-added runs, respectively. The principal mechanism for oxyanion removal is through the formation of hydrocalumite and hydrotalcite. Although PCD is not quite as efficient as TCD in reducing oxyanion concentrations, it produces a less caustic leachate composition characterized by lower pHs, alkalinities, and calcium concentrations. PCD is a viable alternative to lime as fly ash additive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".