Ruthenium Carbene–Diether Ligand Complexes: Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Olefins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of carbene–diether ligands were prepared and the corresponding Ag salts used to prepare the complexes RuHCl(PPh 3 ) 2 (Im(OR) 2 ) (Im(OR) 2 = C 3 H 2 (NCH 2 CH 2 OR) 2; R = Me ( 4a ), t- Bu ( 4b ), tert- hexyl ( 4c ), Ph ( 4d ), 2,6- i- Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ( 4e )). In an analogous fashion the species RuHCl(PPh 3 ) 2 (Y 2 Im(OMe) 2 ) (Y 2 Im(OMe) 2 = Y 2 C 3 (NCH 2 CH 2 OMe) 2; Y 2 = C 6 H 4 ( 4f ), Y = Cl ( 4g ), Me ( 4h )) were also synthesized. Similarly RuHCl(CO)(PPh 3 ) 2 (Im(OMe) 2 ) ( 5 ) was prepared and readily converted to RuHCl(CO)(SIMes)(Im(OMe) 2 ) ( 6 ) via treatment with SIMes. The reaction of 4a with SIMes afforded RuHCl(SIMes)(Im(OMe) 2 )(PPh 3 ) ( 7 ), which reacts subsequently with Na[BPh 4 ] to give [RuH(Im(OMe) 2 )(SIMes)][(η 6 -Ph)BPh 3 ] ( 8 ). In a series of tests, the species 4a – h, 5, 6, and 8 were shown to catalyze the hydrogenations of 1-hexene, cyclohexene, and dimethyl itaconate. From the activity of 4a – h it is clear that the capability of the carbene–ether substituents to coordinate to the metal as well as electron-donating substituents on the carbene fragment enhances catalytic activity. Other variations such as in 5, 6, and 8 resulted in terminal-olefin-selective hydrogenation catalysts, although the zwitterionic species 8 showed significantly enhanced activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".