High Rate Electrochemical Capacitors from Three-Dimensional Arrays of Vanadium Nitride Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple methodology is developed to directly synthesize three-dimensional (3D) electrochemically supercapacitive arrays, consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes conformally covered by nanocrystalline vanadium nitride, firmly anchored to glassy carbon or Inconel electrodes. These nanostructures demonstrate a respectable specific capacitance of 289 F g –1, which is achieved in 1 M KOH electrolyte at a scan rate of 20 mV s –1 . The well-connected highly electrically conductive structures exhibit a superb rate capability; at a very high scan rate of 1000 mV s –1 there is less than a 20% drop in the capacitance relative to 20 mV s –1 . Such rate capability has never been reported for VN and is highly unusual for any other oxide or nitride. These 3D arrays also display nearly ideal triangular voltage profiles during constant current charge–discharge cycling. Analysis of the post-electrochemically cycled samples indicates negligible changes occurring in the VN nanocrystallite morphology, but a modification in the structure of the oxidized surface. We envision that the direct synthesis approach employed in this study may serve as a “drop-in” platform for large-scale commercial fabrication of a variety of carbon nanotube-supported functional materials that require excellent electrical conductivity to the underlying support.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".