Regulatory Functions of Ubiquitin in Diverse DNA Damage Responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years there has been intense investigation and rapid progress in our understanding of the cellular responses to various types of endogenous and exogenous DNA damage that ensure genetic stability. These studies have identified numerous roles for ubiquitylation, the post-translational modification of proteins with single ubiquitin or poly-ubiquitin chains. Initially discovered for its role in targeting proteins for degradation in the proteasome, ubiquitylation functions in a variety of regulatory roles to co-ordinate the recruitment and activity of a large number of protein complexes required for recovery from DNA damage. This includes the identification of essential DNA damage response genes that encode proteins directly involved in the ubiquitylation process itself, proteins that are targets for ubiquitylation, proteins that contain ubiquitin binding domains, as well as proteins involved in the de-ubiquitylation process. This review will focus on the regulatory functions of ubiquitylation in three distinct DNA damage responses that involve ubiquitin modification of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in DNA damage tolerance, the core histone H2A and its variant H2AX in double strand break repair (DSBR) and the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins FANCD2 and FANCI in cross link repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".