Timing of inoculation and <i>Fusarium</i> species affect the severity of Fusarium head blight on oat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Xue, A. G., Chen, Y., Marchand, G., Guo, W., Ren, C., Savard, M. and McElroy, A. R. B. 2015. Timing of inoculation and Fusarium species affect the severity of Fusarium head blight on oat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 517–524. The influence of timing of inoculation and pathogenicity of four Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. avenaceum) causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) were examined on 12 oat genotypes under controlled environmental conditions in two separate sets of experiments. In the first set, early inoculations with F. graminearum at or before the complete emergence of ears resulted in little or no visible FHB symptoms but deoxynivalenol (DON) contents ranging from 0.4 to 2.6 ppm were detected in the harvested grain. Severe levels of FHB were observed on these genotypes with infected spikelets ranging from 30 to 74% and DON concentrations, from 6.6 to 10.0 ppm, when plants were inoculated at or after the 50% anthesis stage. Inoculation at 50% anthesis was considered the most appropriate as it allowed sufficient time for disease development and assessment prior to the physiological maturity of the plants. In the second set of experiments, F. culmorum and F. graminearum were equally highly pathogenic, having areas under the disease progress curve of 45.3 and 47.3, respectively. Fusarium sporotrichioides was significantly less pathogenic than the two highly pathogenic species. The pathogenicity of F. avenaceum was intermediate and was not significantly different from those of either the highly pathogenic or the weakly pathogenic Fusarium species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".