High-resolution melting analysis of common and recombinant genotypes of the Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) hemoglobin β1 gene in transatlantic populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was applied to haplotype the Met55Val–Lys62Ala mutations of the Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) Hb-β1 gene responsible for the important hemoglobin polymorphisms. The Val55–Ala62 haplotype predominated in cod populations throughout the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and the northern Norwegian and Baltic seas, while the Met55–Lys62 variant was mostly found in the North Sea, Kattegat, and along the southern part of the Norwegian coast. Whereas the distribution of the two main haplotypes show a temperature-related north–south gradient in Northeast Atlantic populations, this study provided no evidence for such a cline on the western side of the North Atlantic Ocean. Coupling and repulsion double heterozygotes were readily distinguished by the HRM assay, but no repulsion heterozygote specimens were found on either side of the Atlantic Ocean. The recombinant haplotype Val55–Lys62 was detected in variable numbers in both Northwest and Northeast Atlantic populations, with the highest frequencies in the Canadian populations. The reciprocal Met55–Ala62 recombination was almost absent in the populations examined and probably represents a disadvantage, particularly at elevated temperatures. Our HRM assay affords low-cost, precise, and efficient Hb-β1 polymorphism haplotyping in large numbers of DNA samples in small, moderately equipped laboratories.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".