Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in ADPKD: Changing Demographics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been recognized as an early and important complication in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). LVH is associated with arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and increased cardiac mortality. The increase in left ventricular mass is attributed to the compensatory myocardial remodeling associated with systemic hypertension, which is also highly prevalent in those with ADPKD. Several observational studies over the past decades using echocardiography have estimated the prevalence of LVH in adults to range from 20-40%. More recently, the HALT-PKD study detected an LVH prevalence of less than 4% using magnetic resonance imaging. Some of the differences may relate to the imaging modality, variations in parameters used to define LVH, or demographic differences in the study populations. Nonetheless, there likely exists a shift in the pathophysiology of LVH in patients with ADPKD. Factors that explain this evolving trend include earlier detection and treatment of hypertension, more rigorous blood pressure control, and an increased use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonists. The use of RAAS inhibitors has been shown to induce regression of LVH, and this may continue to play an important role in the cardiovascular risk management in patients with ADPKD. The results of ongoing studies will help elucidate these relationships.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".