Bibliographic record
Abstract
SOME OF THE MYSTERIOUS STRENGTH of Othello derives from the fact that powerful forces are at work even before the play opens. When, exactly, does the action of the play begin, and under whose initiative? Such questions arise equally with other tragedies, of course, but in some respects the most useful analogy comes from a comedy. When things reach an impasse in Twelfth Night – Viola's disguise has involved her in an impossible love triangle with Orsino and Olivia – the plot is represented as a knot: ‘O time, thou must untangle this, not I. / It is too hard a knot for me t'untie’.1 Viola's description resembles the scheme that Aristotle refers to as desis-lusis (tying and untying): ‘The [events] outside [the play], and often some inside [provide] the “tying”, the rest [is] the “untying”’.2 This scheme seems to be a revised version of the Poetics' earlier account of a unified action in tragedy as having a beginning, middle, and end. In George Whalley's view, it ‘implies a firmer and more comprehensive principle of unity in the plot’, for, Whalley goes on to explain, Here Aristotle recognizes that the poet selects an arche (both source and beginning …) from among the propepragmata (things done before) and makes this the starting point for his praxis; even though the starting point may be ‘outside’ – that is, not acted out in the play – it is nevertheless the point from which the arc or trajectory of the tragic action springs. … The ‘tying’, anchored outside the acted-action, is one moment (? or vector) of a single energy system, the ‘untying’ is the complementary moment.3
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".